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What is a Synapse Synapse is a junction with a minute gap that separates two neurons (nerve cells), the basic unit of the nervous system in the brain. They are also found between a neuron and a muscle cell or gland. An adult human brain roughly has 1,000 to 5,000 trillion synapses. The term ‘synapse’ was first coined by Charles Sherrington in 1897, from the Greek words ‘syn’, which means ‘together’ and ‘haptein’ meaning ‘to clasp’....

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The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of a constant-pressure gas engine, such as modern gas turbine engines and airbreathing jet engines. It extracts energy from compressed air and fuel to generate valuable work. The work produced by the Brayton cycle drives many vehicles by giving them thrust. Brayton cycle is named after American engineer George Brayton, who developed and patented a constant pressure engine in 1872....

What are Centrioles Centrioles are cylindrical organelles composed of a microtubule protein called tubulin. They are found in all eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes contain a mother centriole, and a daughter centriole bound together and arranged near the nucleus at right angles. In a cell, they aid in cell division by facilitating the separation of chromosomes, containing DNA, the genetic material of the cell. Centrioles are absent in prokaryotes, red algae, yeast, cone-bearing, and flowering plants, and some non-flagellated or non-ciliated protozoans such as amoebae....

Ferromagnetism is an exciting phenomenon observed in certain materials, known as ferromagnetic materials, that can retain their magnetization even after removing an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials can become ferromagnets and interact strongly with other magnets and magnetic fields. A characteristic of ferromagnetic materials is their magnetization ability, distinguishing them from paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials, where weak magnetism exists temporarily. This unique property allows for making permanent magnets widely used in various applications such as motors, generators, speakers, and data storage devices....

Kepler’s third law states “ The square of a planet’s orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the orbit’s semi-major axis “. Kepler’s third law establishes a relationship between the time taken by a planet to complete one revolution and its distance from the Sun. According to this law, the orbital period increases rapidly with the orbit’s radius. The importance of the third law is that it has been successful in measuring the masses of the planets in the solar system....

What is Kinetic Friction An object that moves over a surface experiences resistance to its motion. This resistance is known as kinetic friction. Also called dynamic friction, the frictional force is in a direction opposite to the object’s motion. Kinetic friction occurs when two surfaces are in relative motion to each other. It takes place at the point of contact between the two surfaces, and the kinetic energy gets converted into heat....

Luminance measures the amount of light emitted, passed through, or reflected from a particular area. It indicates how bright a surface will appear to the human eye. It is closely tied to a surface’s physical characteristics and is essential because it affects how we see and understand the world. Luminance is crucial in designing cellphone screens, making them easy to see and use. Because their luminance differs, some screens look sharper and more vivid than others....

Historically flowering plants (angiosperms) are classified into two broad types or groups – monocotyledons or monocots and dicotyledons or dicots. The classification of angiosperms was first published by John Ray in 1682 and later by the botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789. Monocot vs Dicot Monocots and Dicots Monocots are flowering plants having seeds with a single cotyledon or embryonic leaf. There are as many as 60,000 plant species found worldwide....

What is Nucleoplasm Nucleoplasm is a type of protoplasm that is found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells, including both plant and animal cell. This jelly-like substance, resembling the cytoplasm is also known as karyoplasm, karyolymph, or nucleus sap. It remains completely enclosed within the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope. The primary function of nucleoplasm is to suspend other nuclear structures within it. Now, let us discuss its detailed structure: Nucleoplasm...

What is Parenchyma in Plants Parenchyma is a thin-walled, actively dividing cell that makes up the inside of many non-woody plant structures such as stems, roots, and leaves. Parenchyma tissue is a type of simple permanent tissue that is fundamental to all plants. The term ‘parenchyma’ has originated from the Greek word ‘Para’ which means beside and ‘Enchyma’ meaning inclusion. It was introduced in the 17th century when Robert Hooke discovered the plant cells....

Once you learn about all the basic parts and anatomy of a complete flower, test yourself with one of the following worksheets. Suitable for: Grade 5, Grade 6 Parts of a Flower Worksheet Download PDF Flower Parts Worksheet Colored Version Download PDF Fill your E-mail Address Popular Articles

Now that you have learned the different stages of the rock cycle, it is now time to test yourself. Given below are some worksheets, all focusing on the rock cycle, with different questions and different ways to answer them. Solving worksheets is a great way to clear doubts as well as have fun while learning. Suitable for: Grade 4, Grade 5 Rock Cycle Worksheet Download PDF The Rock Cycle Worksheet Answers...

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic reaction forming ATP or GTP through the transfer of a phosphate group (PO 4 3- ) from a substrate to ADP or GDP directly. Being an exergonic reaction, it releases some free energy while breaking the phosphate group from the substrate. This released energy is utilized to phosphorylate the ADP or GDP. When and Where Does Substrate-level Phosphorylation Occur In living cells, it occurs during glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) and the Krebs cycle (in the mitochondria)....

Planets are the astronomical bodies that are orbiting stars. They do not have self-luminosity, nor do they radiate energy as no nuclear fusion takes place at their cores. In addition to these characteristics, they should have sufficient mass that has been squeezed by its own gravity into a spherical shape and has cleared the neighborhood around their orbit. As per the International Astronomical Union (IAU) draft resolution, the sphere should have a mass of at least 5×10 20 kg or a diameter of at least 800 km to be considered a planet....

Uniform motion occurs when an object covers equal distances in equal time intervals. In other words, the object does not speed up (accelerate) or slow down (decelerate). Its velocity remains constant throughout the motion. Since the object moves in a straight path, uniform motion is also called uniform linear motion. A special case is uniform circular motion, where the object moves in a circular path at a constant speed, but its velocity changes direction....

Plants have different types of cells performing different functions. Cambium is one such group of actively dividing (meristematic) cells that is responsible for the secondary growth of the plant. It is a thin layer of living tissue located between the xylem and phloem of stems and roots of vascular plants They are equivalent to undifferentiated human stem cells. Thus, cambium tissues can form any types of cell – from a fundamental structural cell to a complete organ....

Chemotropism is a tropic movement in which growth or movement occurs in response to a chemical stimulus. Unlike other tropic movements, chemotropism is not only seen in plants; it can also be observed in animals, bacteria, and fungi. These chemicals may be released by their own body or found in the surrounding environment. The word ‘chemotropism’ is an amalgamation of two words, ‘chemo’ and ‘tropism’, referring to ‘chemical’ and ‘tropic movement’, respectively....

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membrane-bound organelle distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell. It is mainly concerned with membrane biogenesis, biosynthesis, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids. It is called ‘endoplasmic,’ as it is more concentrated in the inner side of the cytoplasm (endoplasm) than the outer side (ectoplasm). On the other hand, it is referred to as ‘reticulum’ due to its reticulate or network-like appearance....